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''Ex vivo'' (Latin: "out of the living") means that which takes place outside an organism. In science, ''ex vivo'' refers to experimentation or measurements done in or on tissue from an organism in an external environment with the minimum alteration of natural conditions. ''Ex vivo'' conditions allow experimentation on an organisms cells or tissue under more controlled conditions than is possible in ''in vivo'' experiments (in the intact organism), at the expense of altering the "natural" environment. A primary advantage of using ''ex vivo'' tissues is the ability to perform tests or measurements that would otherwise not be possible or ethical in living subjects. Tissues may be removed in many ways, including in part, as whole organs, or as larger organ systems. Examples of ''ex vivo'' specimen use include: *assays; *finding conventional or alternative cancer treatment agents that are effective against the organism's cancer cells *measurements of physical, thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and other tissue properties, especially in various environments that may not be life-sustaining (for example, at extreme pressures or temperatures); *realistic models for surgical procedure development; *investigations into the interaction of different energy types with tissues; *or as phantoms in imaging technique development. The term ''ex vivo'' means that the samples to be tested have been extracted from the organism. The term ''in vitro'' ("within the glass") means the samples to be tested are obtained from a repository, in the case of cancer cells a strain that would produce favorable results, then grown to produce a control sample and the number of samples required for the number of test. These two terms are not synonymous even though the testing in both cases is "within the glass". The results of ''ex vivo'' only apply to the organism supplying the cell whereas the ''in vitro'' results only apply to the cell line used. In cell biology, ''ex vivo'' procedures often involve living cells or tissues taken from an organism and cultured in a laboratory apparatus, usually under sterile conditions with no alterations for up to 24 hours to obtain sufficient cells for the experiments. Experiments generally start after 24 hours of incubation, using living cells or tissue from the same organism are still considered to be ''ex vivo''. One widely performed ''ex vivo'' study is the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In this assay, angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM membrane of a chicken embryo outside the organism (chicken). ==See also== *Animal testing *''in situ'' *''in utero'' *''in vitro'' *''in vivo'' *''in silico'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ex vivo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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